Beef and noodle soup for breakfast? Are you sure it's not rice porridge ("congee") instead?

Oh yes, quite sure. I really dislike porridge or congee, so I would know.

Here are my guesses:

1/. Beef brisket noodles - http://smurfmatic.net/blog/archives/2005/09/03/flashback-food-in-hk.html

2/. Beef noodles - http://www.quirkymalaysia.com/2011/02/cheong-kei-noodles-rua-felicidade-macau.html

3/. Lai Foong Beef Noodle - http://tummyfull.blogspot.com/2008/05/lai-foong-beef-noodle.html

4/. Beef noodles with french toast! - http://www.worldisround.com/articles/316220/photo28.html

* all the above I just google.

Non of these are traditional breakfast dishes and the only thing that I can think of is "Par Kou Teh", popular with the Malay and Singaporean Chinese but that has a clear broth and use mostly pork. Beef with noodles, IMO, is very rare for a breakfast dish but perhaps you ate there late morning?

I have no idea whether or not this was typical BF fare, just ignore that bit. I ordered it by pointing - politely - at what a guy at another table was having. It could've been sheep testicles, but luckily wasn't. The one defining thing I'm looking for are these typical Christmas spices, very unusual in savioury cooking to a Middle European.

I think the soup is made from odds and ends of bones and meat and internal organ. Cloves and anise are common in braising beef and it can also disguise the gamey taste of the organ meat. Throw in some ginger, shallots, little onions, Szechuan peppers, some hoisin sauce at the end if you have it. It's one of those things that you improvise with whatever you have or the cheapest cut of meat and bones or whatever the butcher is willing to give you. It cannot go wrong. Just keep tasting the soup as it goes along.