Try zip code maps of Charlotte, realtor.com, and zillow.com to get you oriented.

Then google all you questions, you'll get a lot more feedback than in this forum.

Uptown one-bedroom apartments start around $1,100 or $1,200. You can pay less in older buildings in the in-town areas around Uptown (Dilworth, Elizabeth, Myers Park), but you should probably expect to pay at least $800 for a decent one-bedroom. You can save even more my moving further out (south Charlotte, University area) but I wouldn't recommend that for a young professional.

If you want a neighborhood a little more arty and funky, look at Plaza Midwood or NoDa. These are cool neighborhoods with lower rents but are rough around the edges.

citydata.com is really better for this type of question.

Brian knows. And Plaza Midwood, or Chantilly are cute gentrifying intown neighborhoods.
Parking is available uptown--where and for whom will you be working.
Welcome to Charlotte.
there are really several "in town" neighborhoods in Charlotte, but some won't have apartments. I live 10 minutes from center city. Right now there is a lot of condo/apartments in the center city, and it's getting to be a really nice "big city" feel without a lot of the problems.
The light rail line is beginning to 'fill in" with businesses and living areas.

I will be working for PricewaterhouseCoopers, in financial services so specifically in the Charlotte banks most likely. Is this light rail the main public transportation in Charlotte?

We only have one line at the moment, but as was projected, the real estate and business along that line is coming quickly.
No, light rail is NOT the primary mode--cars rule, unfortunately. We are late to the game.
There is a LOT to like about Charlotte. Hope you will!!

There are buses, but I wouldn't recommend that option unless you choose to live way out and take in one of the express lines (coming from someone who took the bus to work for 7 years in Atlanta).

Parking uptown isn't horribly expensive - you can get monthly parking for $80+ in a surface lot or $110+ for a deck, depending on how far you're willing to walk. Preferred parking has a good interactive map of their lots at http://www.preferredparking.com/